
• This study identified a minimum of 17,658 and a maximum of 32,112 unconnected bins (Dead Zones aka Not-Spots), depending on the degree of overlap. This represents between 7.5% and 14% of the unique bin count (locations reporting at least one quality reading from any of the MNOs in the study).
• This study identified a minimum of 51,109 and a maximum of 69,711 under-connected bins, depending on the degree of overlap. This represents between 22% and 30% of the unique bin count.
• Mobile Broadband Quality data layers including under-connected locations where some users are experiencing poor service on a 4G network type are available as CSV exports. Coordinates and mapping of the Dead Zones are available on M2's Crowd SiteIntel platform.


• Optus has the greatest connected location percentage at 79%, while the other MNOs range between 66% and 77%.
• Vodafone has the lowest under-connected location percentage at 8%, while the other MNOs range between 14% and 25%.
• Vodafone has the greatest Dead Zone location percentage at 15%, while the other MNOs range between 7% and 9%.

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M2’s proprietary Mobile Broadband Quality algorithm comprehensively evaluates various factors, including signal strength, signal quality, and throughput, across (1) the 4G/5G service footprint for each country's national Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), (2) the 2G/3G-only service footprint for each MNO, and (3) areas where mobile devices are active but unable to detect any service. Within the M2 dataset, each 1km bin with mobile activity is then assessed to determine the highest mobile use case it can support, resulting in its classification as Connected, Under-Connected, or Unconnected.

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