
• This study identified a minimum of 2,036 and a maximum of 5,605 unconnected bins (Dead Zones aka Not-Spots), depending on the degree of overlap. This represents between 1% and 4% of the unique bin count (locations reporting at least one quality reading from any of the MNOs in the study).
• This study identified a minimum of 10,343 and a maximum of 25,388 under-connected bins, depending on the degree of overlap. This represents between 7% and 18% of the unique bin count.
• Mobile Broadband Quality data layers including under-connected locations where some users are experiencing poor service on a 4G network type are available as CSV exports. Coordinates and mapping of the Dead Zones are available on M2's Crowd SiteIntel platform.


• All MNOs have relatively similar connected location percentages with Vodafone having the greatest.
• Turkcell has the lowest percentage of Dead Zones but the highest percentage of under-connected locations in our dataset.

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M2’s proprietary Mobile Broadband Quality algorithm comprehensively evaluates various factors, including signal strength, signal quality, and throughput, across (1) the 4G/5G service footprint for each country's national Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), (2) the 2G/3G-only service footprint for each MNO, and (3) areas where mobile devices are active but unable to detect any service. Within the M2 dataset, each 800m x 800m bin with mobile activity is then assessed to determine the highest mobile use case it can support, resulting in its classification as Connected, Under-Connected, or Unconnected.

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